Learning From Failure

Failure is a label that often we associate with an action that did not work and so applied, the label is making us say that is not capable. This decreases our enthusiasm to become a successful person. By the time we were little, failure has no meaning, because we do not have the concept of "failure". If we have the concept of failure, then we will not be able to speak, will not be able to write and not be able to walk. Because to speak, write and walk to the failure of countless. Likewise in the business world can also mimic our failure in childhood and we can learn from the failures.

Coca-Cola had failed in the first year sales. Sales conducted by placing the Coca-Cola in the beverage in the pharmacy and 73.96 dollars spent to promote through banner ads and coupons. Failure to make Coca-Cola create awareness of other media, the mass media has more power when compared to other media and promote Coca-Cola with the atmosphere of joy.


Matsushita to produce for the first time is a plug adapter. This adapter has actually proposed to the previous employer but did not receive a response. To create this product, along with four companions Matsushita took four months. After this product so no one was going to buy this product.

In 1993, Compaq which at the time as leader of the PC sales market, put through a price cut to compete with Dell. The result of Dell Computer loses 65 million dollars in the first six months, which caused nearly bankrupt. Dell learned from this failure. He tried to find other ways to sell computers. Finally, Dell made a very fundamental change in business process reengineering called. in business with the introduction of E-Commerce. In 1999, Dell can sell 1.7 million dollars per day through e-Commercnya site. Dell shares rose 2000 percent in two years. Dell can compete with world class companies such as IBM, Compaq, HP, and Bell-Nec. Even the market share and profits continue to rise and eventually became the largest PC seller in the world.

When I started the business with friends, sayapun repeated failure again. I started with the failure of a Salesman Book, telex Salesman by phone, and car salesmen pengkilap materials. Primagama who only got 2 students in this campaign has done a fairly intense. CV. Wijaya, the company that serves the car care services that eventually die. Similarly, business start computer education center "IMKI", just get AMIKOM 3 students and trusted by only 6 students. I'm with my friends trying to learn from failure, then make corrections and improve mecoba for success.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto



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The Secrets Success of Marketers

Malcolm Gladwell titled in his book Blink, describes a successful car salesman. The person named Bob Golomb. The Director of Flemington Nissan dealership selling the usual black suit with a conservative model so cursory as a bank manager or stockbroker. Since jump into the car business for more than a decade, Golomb has sold an average car about twenty cars per month, which is more than twice the average sales of other car sellers. On his desk, Golomb displaying five gold stars given by the company as a reward for performance.

Golomb secrets of success are three: first, give attention to the customer. Second, pay attention to the customer. Third, pay attention to the customer. If you buy a car to Bob Golomb, he will call you the next day, make sure that everything was fine.

If you come to the shop but have not bought anything, he will call the next day, just to say thank you for visiting. "You should always show the best facial expressions, even when your own bad experiences. You forget the past your problems. Even if the situation at home was not fun, you should still give the best to your customers "said Bob Golomb.


Last secret of Golomb is he does not judge people by appearances. He assumes that anyone who came into the room pamernya have exactly the same opportunity to buy a car. "You should not misjudge the business people" he said over and over again. "Bad thought tantamount to suicide. You should seek the best for each person. A seller who is still green when I see a prospective buyer might say: This guy is impossible to be able to buy a car. In this case the worst mistake a seller, because sometimes just the opposite. I have a farmer customers, who over the years has purchased a variety of cars from me.

We just made a deal with a handshake, then give me a hundred-dollar bills, saying: Take me to the village. We do not even have to write a letter ordering. Now, if you see this person, with a stained dress farmers cow dung, you might think he could not afford a car. And in fact he was actually able to pay with cash. Or sometimes when that comes into the showroom a teenager, you may not take it seriously. In fact, the teens at night may be returned with his mother and father, to decide on the purchase of a car "said Bob Golomb.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto, Armannd.com(Image)


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That provision can be planned

Provision that already exists that govern him. I think that's true. And, most of us thought so. Because since the birth of each person bring their own sustenance. But, if we can improve our own rezekki? And, if we can not plan it? I would argue, should an existing provision that the set of his, but we must remain active plan. Without planned, it will be difficult Rezeki our passions. Akandatang myself I suppose, that provision requires the opportunity to come.

In my opinion, that provision which may come when every day we do not have any activity. Only submitted. And, we too believe, that the provision was not necessary pursued, would have come alone. I do not agree with this principle. Because, after all that in us there was no enthusiasm to work, and the only sustenance was always dreaming to come, then that provision would be difficult to come or just mlah away. But conversely, if diligently working, and creative entrepreneurship, I believe, must have provision will come. Our business will grow faster.


Moreover, if we dare to choose prosefi such as businessmen, doctors, notaries, lawyers, painters, artists and others. I see this profession is very likely to bring about a relatively large provision or not linear. Because this profession different from the person who paid or as employees. This means that if today we say, was to his business or as an entrepreneur, then obviously it is very possible for us to bring a relatively large fortune. Meanwhile, if we now works join others or fixed salary every month, then obviously the opportunity to come relatively large fortune, become small. Therefore, a large fortune that comes into the right place, and this we can plan. Live, we are brave or not.

Speaking of luck, I was reminded of my colleagues experience. He was a notary, I see, in carrying out his profession, he was only using the motor. Then, replace the car. That was the old car. However, when I suggested that "daring" to take the new car on credit, he was surprised. Apalagia, as suggested just sold his old car, to pay the down payment.

Each month you must pay the installments? that question. I replied, "Well that's luck will follow your plan. If you use a good car must have more confidence in your clients. Therefore permormance or appearance required in your business. Moreover, you want to work hard and creatively capture the client, I'm sure you'll be able to pay the payments ". Apparently, he took my advice. What happens next? Notary provision that was flowing. Increasing his clients. In addition to pay installments, he still has advantages that provision. And, trust him more firmly to his profession.

This incident, among them that makes me believe, that the provision was actually going to come to follow the plan of our debt. Provision will also come as our business risk taking. Thus, when we take a small risk that business, any provision of small flows. Conversely, if we dare ambilambil large, then the provision would be a big flow.

Source : Purdi E Chandra


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Brand Building Strategies (Part 3)

Brand building strategy can be to rely on brand equity. Brand equity based on the consumer perspective is a recognition of the brand's consumer and store in their memory and their associations that support the brand, strong and unique. Brand equity based on the consumer perspective of brand awareness (brand awareness) and brand image (brand image).

Brand awareness is the brand's ability to appear in consumers' minds when they're thinking about a particular product and how easy it is to name revealed. Brand awareness is the basic dimensions of brand equity. A brand does not have the equity to the consumer aware of the brand. New brand should be able to achieve brand awareness and brand awareness mempertakan to do all the brands. The level of brand awareness to brand known as awareness and recall tend to be shallow brand as a deeper awareness. For in Indonesia, if we consider the brand of toothpaste that can quickly arise in our heads then Pepsodent will appear first, followed by new Ciptadent, Close-Up and others. Whereas if we think the mosquito, then the Baygon will appear first, followed by three new wheels and others.


Brand image is a kind of association that emerged in the minds of consumers when considering a particular brand. These associations can arise in the form of a particular image or idea associated with a brand. This association can dikonseptualkan by type, support, strength and uniqueness. Type of brand associations include the attributes, benefits and attitudes. Attribute consists of attributes associated with products such as design, color, size and attributes that are not associated with the product, such as price, user and usage imagery. While the benefits include the benefits of a functional, symbolic benefits and benefits based on experience. Bodrex associated as the drug is safe and rapid healing. Komix associated as a cough medicine that can be drunk directly with the advertising slogan "Auntie Fe cough, diglek only".

To enhance brand equity through an election conducted brand names or logos are good. The most common effort made through marketing programs and marketing communications in order to create an association that supports, strong and unique in the consumer's mind between the brand and the attributes or benefits. High quality products and present the potential value of having a high brand equity business needs effective marketing communications and consistently to build and maintain brand equity. Tea Sosro expressed as one of the biggest brands in Indonesia, actually no more than water given sugar tea. However this brand has great brand equity for the promotion pemasarnya continuously.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto


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Build Business, Buy Property

There is one interesting business adage taught by Robert T. Kiyosaki, author of "Rich Dad, Poor Dad", which became Best Seller. Adage that reads, "After we successfully build a business so do not forget to buy the property. In addition we have income from a business that we run, we will also gain benefit from an increase in property values ". I think, Kiyosaki was right. Adage that truth is the key word is the cause, why the rich get richer. Because rich people are always smart to buy the property at all times will continue to multiply in value, that's what made him even richer.

However, long before reading the book, as an entrepreneur I have been practicing it since the first doctrine. Therefore, there is additional advice I can give to you in buying properties from the profits of your business success built. Business proposition reads, "If you intend to buy property, not according to the capability of available funds. Even better buy a property with bank debt. Because the less money you spend to buy property, the greater your advantage ".

Clearly, if we had a fund of Rp 400 million do not buy a property worth fitting that we have funds. Do not buy a property does not have cash. Could the way credit. So should pecahkanlah your RP 400 million for 4 properties, such as each of you enough to purchase a down payment of Rp 100 million, the remaining USD 300 million from the bank. Well, if you only buy one property valued at USD 400 million, then five years later you will only receive the benefit of his many times the price of one property only. But if the four properties, five years later one of your original property Rp400 million has doubled to $ 2 billion. 4 so that the property be 8 billion.


Goods time you ask, why buy a property with debts of more profitable? Be helpful to refer to business advice from Dolf De Roos, consultant Robert T. Rich dad Kiyosaki in his book, "Real Estate Riches" Dolf wrote, "I do not buy a property to buy land, so that is not productive. I do not buy property for buildings that need maintenance. And, I do not buy a rental property for management needs. My strongest reason to buy property is to get the debt. The reason is simple, "Total debt is always the same, but asset values continue to soar".

By picking the business advice, I suggest we should not be afraid owed to the bank to buy the property. Change your mindset, that the debt would invite trouble for you. It is to learn to nurture confidence in the debt so-so start with a small value. But, once you succeed you are looking for is not in debt to the bank, but banks are instead going to find you to take the debt.

No one appeared and then joked that among entrepreneurs that, "if you dare debt USD 50 million, you are having problems. But if you dare to USD 50 billion in debt. Banks that will have a problem. Believe me, the more often we dare debt, the banks will be more trust in our business. "You dare to try?

Source : Purdi E Chandra


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Failed? Its Must...

One of the reasons most often cited by people for not starting your own business is the fear-fear of failure. I think this paradigm is not appropriate, because failure is something to be embraced and celebrated. Failure is one component of the most important somersaults in starting your own business and become rich: Failed first, so it should fail ....

There are a lot of justification for the point of view of this surprising. Jude Wanniski, an economist politsi, writes, "All the success is the fruit of failure. Need many times the attempt to succeed before the success of the gain. Just imagine, how many times a child fails to eat with a spoon before successfully, especially with a knife and fork. Success, for sure, better than failure, but success would not even be there without fail. "


Business Week magazine this theme daam a recent article, "Delivery Failure Bagamana Success". "Everyone is afraid to fail," writes the magazine. "However, the breakthrough was also born of failure. The best companies embrace failure and learn from it ". Indeed all the leading companies would have failed, but the best examples come to celebrate the failure of a party held by Intuit, Inc.. "Intuit has just serayakan a bold marketing campaign, which failed," writes BusinessWeek. "This company has not been targeting the taxpayer, and in 2005 tried to embrace them through a failed attempt to combine the campaign as the taxpayers with the hip-hop style. Through the Web site named www.RockYourRefund.com, Intuit offer discounts to young people to browse the site Expedia Inc.. And retailers Best Buy and the facility to transfer tax refund directly into prepaid Visa card issued by the hip-hop king Russell Simons. "The project failed miserably. What does Intuit chairman of the team that failed? According to this article, "In front of some 200 Intuit marketers, the team received an award from Intuit chairman Scott Cook. "The president realized that to succeed, you have to fail occasionally, and the question must be asked, is, what can I continue to be better?

Remember!
Only failure to success. Failure is not an option, but a part of your process successfully.

Dare fail not only shown by the largest companies in America. Failure is an integral part of kesusesan entrepreneurship. Debbi Fields, founder of Mrs.. Fields Cookies, saying, "What is important is not afraid to take risks. Remember, the greatest failure is not trying. "

However, there are still elements of failure is more important than the failure itself, that is, back and never tried again .... So, you failed in a last attempt to pass a test, lose weight, get a couple dates, through an effort-then what? Fatal if you do not want to try.

"Failure does not count," said Frank Burford motifator. "If accepted, you will succeed. The reason most people fail is that after a failure, they stop trying ". So, if you ever start a business and failed, good! You get a valuable lesson and is now a member of a prestigious club, along with all other successful person ...

Source : Semua Saudara


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Build Confidence

Every person who is born must have the talent, intelligence or ability that is relatively distinct from one another. But sometimes they are hard to find these things in her that could not be reached for maximum achievement. In fact, sometimes someone trying to compare who has the ability to compare with others to make them feel inferior. And often times a person can not succeed not because they do not have the talent, intelligence or ability but because they do not have the confidence and good mental.

If we see the true world champion, whether in business, science, state politics, education, or even a religious, all have strong confidence. If they fail, they soon rose again. They dare to set targets, bold and courageous step began struggling to realize success. They continue to survive and move on even though success seems far from the eye.

One of the great figures is Colonel Sanders. At the time he was offering fried chicken secret recipe to others. It takes more than 1,000 times the rejection before he sold his first KFC franchise. That time when she was already fairly advanced, but thanks to the efforts and hard work he finally managed to realize the ideal goals.


Or the story about the discovery of incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison. Before managed to find the light bulb, he had nine hundred and ninety-nine failures and only a thousand experiments that he managed to create the first light bulb. And when asked in an interview by Napoleon Hill, Mr. Edison's what you feel when experiencing failure 999?. Mr. Edison replied, "I'm sorry I have never failed, I've found 999 ways not to do to create a light bulb". An extraordinary word that can only be uttered by someone who has confidence and high self-confidence of what he was doing.

From the above story provides inspiration and encouragement to us that the belief in the achievement of goals and unyielding spirit will be a key determinant in the success of life. Because you never know, when the arrival of success. May seem far away, despite being so close. Courage to keep trying is the key factor that distinguishes between a person who fails to successfully achieve their dreams.

Try for a moment you think if in the middle of the struggle, they surrendered to the failure and did not continue what the ideal goals. What will they feel at the end of his life? Remorse or kebahagiankah they feel?. Now let us ask ourselves, do we so easily give up and quit trying in an effort to achieve dreams that we want in life? If you feel hesitant to go for it, check back on yourself, whether your dream is something really worth fighting for and gives meaning in our lives? If yes, then the achievement of those dreams you must strive for. Make this dream a responsibility, something we will regret if we never achieve it. Then wrapping it with a paradigm of faith to try again. Any obstacles that would happen, we always believe in our dreams, and then we got up and tried again.

By developing a positive mental self, then we will have a strong confidence. Finally, keep striving to achieve dreams and goals in your life. Because in fact there is no true success without going through a process of failure. When the failure came to rest assured that you already are one step closer to success. Do not let fear of failure to eliminate the true purpose of your life.

By: Dipankara Jayaputra
Source : Yuk Bisnis


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Courage And Timing

In a business dialogue held by the Indonesian Managers Association (AMA) Yogyakarta some time ago, there was a dialogue participant who asked me, about how luck and timing factors determining success in business?

How important is the luck factor for the entrepreneur? The people of China have the habit, if you want to go into business, then we must have a hockey or a large fortune. If not, then our business would be bankrupt.

If it turns out we do not have luck, then we are advised not to set up a business. Actually, I think, whose name is lucky or hockey was actually a part of life that we can not control. We can not guess. And, indeed itrulah life. How do we know that we have luck, if we had never tried it. Luck has to be proved, not only be imagined.

I suggest that we might have luck. It's just that, by one particular circumstances, luck could have then gone. Different views timing, in any business activities that we do, then we can control it. This means that timing can be controlled less than a fortune.

Therefore, in my opinion, it might be that business can we start or we take today. But it may be, if we started five years ago. So the timing is little we can control. Clearly it shows, that the business opportunities that do not know the actual arrival time.

Today could be time for us to take the business opportunity. And if delayed, not impossible to take someone else and we lost business opportunities, I think, the first person to sell beverage Aqua in Indonesia, namely Tirto Utomo, also requires approximately 8-year struggle to exist today.

Possibly, when the product was first raised, not the time or timing is not right. For most of the purchased product is Aqua strangers. But it turned out from time to time people began to idolize Indonesia Aqua drink it. Thus, people then know the white water with a call "Aqua".


So also in the bottle, which was first introduced by Mr. Sosro. Where, at the time Sosro Tea in the market, nor at the right timing. Thus, the product is to get known and loved the community, requires a hard struggle.

So I think, whether or not our luck in the business, so we should not think about it, because we can not control. But should the timing was right, and hopefully in accordance with our luck.

Source and Image : Purdi E Chandra


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Brand Building Strategies (Part 2)

Real marketing strategies brand building strategy in the consumer's mind. If we have the ability to build a brand, it means we have a strong marketing program. Another strategy to build brands is to empower brand product lines. Brand product line is a strategy put in a brand name product lines related. Brand product line focuses and provides cost advantages by promoting the product line rather than each product. This strategy is effective if the company has one or more product lines, each of which contains a relationship between the items of the product. One advantage the brand's product line is the addition of product items can be introduced to empower the brand names that have been built.


Strategies that big companies use to build a brand, usually by using the company's brand. A company's brand building strategy brand identity using the company name to identify the product. Toyota, Panasonic, Polytron, Sony, IBM, Intel, Motorola, Sharp, Sanyo, Toshiba, Yamaha, Honda and McDonald's use the company brand (corporate brand) to advertise its products. Good Honda ads Mega Pro 1600 and continue highlighting Karisma Honda brand as a corporate brand.

Kijang and Avanza success as Top Brand Indonesia, one of them because of that it uses the Toyota brand. Toyota to build brands is not only a company that menjualmobil, but the company that offers a Total Ownership Experience, ranging from dealers to contact customers after sales service is optimal. Toyota Kijang with the image that the vehicle is durable and easy to maintain and relatively high prices purnajualnya compared with competitive brands make a strong brand in the minds of consumers. Toyota Avanza, using Toyota's corporate brand has been trusted around the world who have superior products, services satisfactorily high resale to make its brand into Top Brand Indonesia. Panasonic with AC and a washing machine also became Top Brands Indonesia, both use the company's brand. Polytron with audio, which provides electronic product images are relatively inexpensive, but quality in Indonesia. Similarly, Sharp and Toshiba with television and refrigerator, all of which use the company's brand strategy to achieve excellence.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto


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Brand Building Strategies (Part 1)

Each company should develop their own policies regarding the brand of eye products in the same line. Brand is a combination of names, words, symbols or designs that give the identity of the product. As discussed above, that the advertised product but not the brand. Brand economic role if the brand is mass produced, so achieving economies of scale and a successful brand can hamper the memeperkenalkan competitors who want the same brand. Brand also has a strategic role with a difference between the brands offered by the company with its competitors brand. From the consumer perspective, a trusted brand is a guarantee of consistency of performance of a product and provide consumers the benefits sought when buying a particular product or brand. Brand also is a promise to consumers that by just saying his name, comes the hope that the brand will provide the best quality, comfort, status and other considerations when consumers make a purchase.


Brand consists of private brands (private brand / store brand / distributor of brand / private label), brand-specific / individual (specific / individual brand), brand lines / families (line / family brand), brand companies (corporate brand), brand combination (cobination brand). Private brand is a brand-sponsored by the distributor, for example on large traders and retailers. Alfa pulled out of sugar with the supermarket brands but do not have the sugar factory, the Alpha uses the private brand of sugar distributor permission. Allows private brand wholesalers or retailers provide lower prices and allow for higher profit. Bahakan many overseas companies ranging from clothing in upscale real Indonesian production, but given the brand overseas. Similarly, Indonesian-made shoes, branded ordering from abroad. Although made in Indonesia, but with foreign brands were able to sell a good price. Because the sale was not a product but the brand.

Another strategy is to build a brand with a specific brand which is a strategy to provide the brand name of a specific product. Unilever uses this strategy, for example Ax for brand deodorant, for Blue Band margarine, Domestos for mosquito, for Omo detergent, Pepsodent toothpaste and for for Sunsilk shampoo. Similarly, P & G, for Camay soap brands, for Crest toothpaste, Duracell batteries, Gillette for razors, Head & Shoulders for shampoo and Pampers for diapers.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto


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Creator Market Strategy

At this time the world's Internet users has reached 1.2 billion and in Indonesia has reached 25 million. The Internet is a dream market for some circles. Entering the new economy or digital economy, which makes the company a market riddled revolutionary. Various kinds of strategies on the Internet in conducting revolution include market creation strategies (creator market strategy), strategic reconfiguration of the channel (channel reconfiguration), strategic transaction broker (intermediary transaction strategy), strategies of information intermediaries (infomediary strategy), strategy of self-service innovators ( self-service innovator strategy), innovator of supply chain strategy (supply chain innovator strategy) and strategic control of the channel (channel mastery strategy)


Creator Market Strategies is a strategy of using the Internet to define a new market by identifying a unique consumer needs. This strategy requires you to enter the market first and keep ahead of competition by innovating continuously. To create a new market, Amazon.com kadangkalan willing to lose in advance in order to achieve a strong market position and profitability in the long run. Amazon.com is a company that uses market strategy creator mengidentifikase way as the database and delivery of this competence and Amazon.com web design speed browsing and order products and combining efficiency, reduced prices and personal service.
Amazon.com which was formerly only a small bookstore founded by Jeff Bezos with 7 employees in 1994 which is a company based in Seattle and entered the Internet market in July 1995. Currently Amazon.com, Inc.. Nasdaq-listed with: AMZN and is one of the Fortune 500 companies as well as Earth's Biggest Selection. Amazon.com, Inc.. trying to become the company the biggest customer-centered world, customers can find and discover anything you want to buy online and strive to give customers the possibility of the cheapest prices. Amazon.com is now selling a variety of products, giving millions of unique new products consisting of several categories, such as health and personal care, jewelry and watches, food, sports, books, music, DVDs, toys, electronics and office, toys and children and houses and plantations.

Amazon operates several web sites to reach new markets, including www.amazon.com, www.amazon.co.uk, www.amazon.de, www.amazon.co.jp, www.amazon.fr, www.amazon.ca , and the Joyo Amazon websites at www.joyo.cn and www.amazon.cn. In 2007, net sales estimated at $ 14,263 billion with growth increasing 33% compared with 2006. Operating income is estimated to reach $ 675 million with growth reaching 74% compared with 2006.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto


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Blue Ocean Strategy

W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne claim that Red Ocean Strategy is no longer effective to create growth and profits in the future. They both propose a new strategy called the Blue Ocean Strategy. Blue Ocean Strategy, considers that the competitive market is to create a space that no opponent. A vast market like the "blue ocean".

W Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne claim that 86% use the Red Ocean Strategy, and only 14% who use the Blue Ocean Strategy. From the company that uses Red Ocean Strategy is to earn a total of 62% and 39% total profits, while companies that use the Blue Ocean Strategy is only getting 38% of total income but total profits 61%.

Cirque du Soleil is one company that uses Blue Ocean Strategy. Cirque du Soleil. Company founded in 1984 by a group of street performer, Cirque has done stage production featuring dozens of visits by about 40 million people in 90 cities around the world. In 20 years, Cirque has achieved revenues worldwide leader circus Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey. Both companies are world leaders circus to achieve it took 100 years.


Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey circus to design standards and compete with the circus on a scale similar declining market. Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey uses the perspective of competition-based strategy, so that the circus industry finally appears to be unattractive. While Cirque du Soleil's success by not taking the market from the existing circus industry, the market historically children. Cirque du Soleil does not compete Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey, for creating a new market that no opponent and make the competition irrelevant. Cirque du Soleil brought a new market in addition to the children is a new customer group of adults and corporate clients with not only a circus show, but it displays theater, opera and ballet, so the audience is willing to pay several times more than the usual traditional circus. Strategy of Cirque du Soleil is called Blue Ocean Strategy.

Blue Oceans is a whole industry that is not currently available, not known for its market space and there is no competition. In blue oceans are created that demand, not a hotly contested competition. Demand could grow quickly and profitably. To create blue oceans in two ways, the company can increase a complete new industry, such as eBay to create an auction, but online. The second way, blue oceans can be created from within red oceans when the company changed the existing industry boundaries, as practiced by Cirque du Soleil.

Source : Mohammad Suyanto


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